⚫️ Entry and outflow of water from several paths with collector pipe
The collector is a thick tube in the form of a small tank and when water is supposed to go from several different paths to devices such as; The pump is used to enter or leave the boiler. The collector is one of the important equipments in the facilities industry.
⚫️ Using Cooling Tower
The cooling tower is used to cool the outlet water of the condenser. In this equipment, the water sprayed from above is cooled using the partial evaporation method; Therefore, it performs better in dry weather. In choosing a cooling tower, parameters such as; The relative temperature of the ambient air, the flow rate of the water, the temperature of the water entering the tower, the temperature of the water leaving the tower and the amount of water temperature reduction in the tower are important.
⚫️ What components are the hardener?
Water hardness in the American system is measured based on the amount of calcium carbonate in the water. There are two types of hardness in water. Temporary hardness is when the water has carbonate and magnesium compounds that settle after a certain period of time, but in permanent hardness there is no carbonate, but there is calcium and magnesium, which are mostly in the form of sulfate, phosphate, nitrate and silicate. These materials are deposited on the inner wall of the pipe, which results in reducing the diameter of the pipe, increasing the pressure drop, and also reducing the heat transfer coefficient.
Hardeners are used for hardening, which consist of a metal cylinder in which ion exchange resins are placed. These resins replace calcium and magnesium with sodium and turn hard water into soft water. As a result of hardening, the resins themselves need to be washed after some time. Resins should be washed with 10% sodium chloride solution. For better efficiency of the device, it is better to pass the water through a sand filter before entering the hardener to remove the suspended material. It should be noted that there are three types of hardeners: fully automatic, semi-automatic and manual.
⚫️ The advantage of using magnetic hardening
Magnetic hardeners installed on the current-carrying pipe by applying a magnetic field on the fluid cause the hardening materials to be placed in the middle part of the pipe and always move with the fluid. In this case, these materials do not hit the wall of the pipe and do not settle. The result of this is that we will no longer see blockages in fluid passages.
⚫️ Introduction to all kinds of water heater
A water heater is a device that directly or indirectly heats water.
Direct water heater: In this type of water heater, hot water is prepared by fuel combustion in the tank itself. Direct water heaters are fed with 55-65% solid fuel, 70-80% liquid fuel, 70-95% gas fuel, or up to 85% electric energy.
Indirect water heater: In the indirect type, the hot water used inside a heat exchanger is prepared by hot water or steam created in the boiler. This work is usually done in a 95% rain double-wall source or in a 95% rain coil source.
⚫️ Easy performance of solar water heater
Solar-type water heaters are also used in some areas where the amount of sunlight is suitable, and the amount of hot water they produce is less than 12 liters per hour and are usually used for office units. Pay attention to the point where the water enters each water heater, a shut-off valve and a one-way valve must be installed.
⚫️ Capacity of oil -burning, gas and electric water heaters
The minimum capacity of an oil-burning water heater with a storage source for each residential unit is 110 liters. The minimum capacity of an electric water heater with a storage source or a gas water heater with a storage source for each one-bedroom, two-bedroom, and three-bedroom residential unit is 75, 110, and 150 liters, respectively, and the capacity of an instant gas water heater without a storage source for a one-bedroom residential unit is Two-bedroom unit is at least 12 liters per minute and for three-bedroom units and more, it is 19 liters per minute. The maximum working pressure of the water heater must be at least 860 kPa. The operating temperature and pressure of the water heater safety valve are 99 degrees Celsius and **** kilopascals, respectively.